Section+13-4+The+Power+of+the+Church

Key Words:

 * __Clergy__: Religious officials, several ranks, includes: bishops and priests.
 * __Sacrament__: Important religious ceremonies for achieving salvation.
 * __Canon Law__: Laws regarding marriage, religious practices, etc. aka Church Law. Everyone, kings and peasants, had to follow these laws.
 * __Holy Roman Empire__: The German-Italian empire, first known as Roman Empire of the German Nation.
 * __Lay Investiture__: A ceremony which kings and nobles appointed church officials, whoever did this had the power.

Key People:

 * __Pope Gelasius I__: Came up with analogy on how the pope and the emperor could have peace.
 * __Otto I__: King of medieval Germany, crowned in 936.

Key Terms:

 * The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church:**
 * Church wanted to be involved in both spiritual and political matters, Pope Gelasius I saw conflict between state and Church.
 * Pope must respect and bow down to the emperor in political matters, and the emperor must respect and bow down to the pope in spiritual matters.
 * The Structure of the Church:**
 * Church structure: power based on status: pope, clergy. Bishops all the way down to priests, bishops looked over priests and decided on teachings of the Church, priests were the local contact to the Church.
 * Religion as a Unifying Force:**
 * Although different ranks, Church bonded people and gave security, a constant, stable, belonging and community.
 * All Christians trying to achieve salvation.
 * Unified those locally: church together, neighboring villages for holidays such as Easter and Christmas.
 * The Law of the Church:**
 * The Church set up a judicial systems including the canon law, courts, and punishments.
 * To get political powers to do his bidding, the pope could threaten them with banishment from the Church, called excommunication and he would be relieved from duty, if continued to disobey, Pope brought out the interdict.
 * Interdict made it so kings' land couldn't celebrate sacraments, many Christians believed without these, they were doomed to hell.
 * The Church and the Holy Roman Empire:**
 * Popes and emperors had arguments together for centuries.
 * Otto I Allies With the Church:**
 * He supported the Church, strengthened bishops, abbots, monasteries, invaded italy on the Church's behalf and killed princes. Crowned emperor.
 * Signs of Future Conflicts:**
 * Holy Roman Empire stayed in power until 1100, and many didn't like Germany's power in Italy.
 * The Emperor Clashes with the Pope:**
 * The Church didn't like politics having power over clergy, Pope Gregory VII banned lay investitures in 1075.
 * Emperor Henry IV became bad with him, so he held meeting with his bishops, and they took the pope's power away, pope excommunicated emperor, bishops and princes sided with pope and Henry tried to get forgiveness.
 * Showdown at Canossa:**
 * Henry traveled across Alps into Canossa (Italy) in January 1077, went to a castle where Gregory was a guest.
 * Henry was forced to wait three days in snow before Gregory took away excommunication, although both still humiliated.
 * Concordat of Worms:**
 * Fighting over lay investiture continued until 1122, meeting in Worms created the compromise Concordat of Worms, states: Church could appoint bishop, but emperor could veto it. Prices regained power, King Frederick I regained status in royalty.
 * Disorder in Empire:**
 * 1152, 7 princes elected Frederick I as emperor to regain authority.
 * The Reign of Frederick I:**
 * Holy Roman Empire, conquered all German princes, whenever he left the country, the disorder returned, invaded Italian cities, the angry pope created the Lombard League.
 * 1176: LLeague defeated Frederick's knights at the Battle of Legnano using crossbows, 1177 peace with pope, he drowned in 1190 and his kingdom fell to pieces.
 * German States Remain Separate:**
 * Kings after Frederick continued to try and accomplish what Charlemagne accomplished (kingdom and Church), led to war with Italy and clashes with pope, Germany didn't unify, also because princes were choosing kings and left little authority power.