Section+21-5+Parliament+Limits+the+English+Monarchy

Key Words:

 * __English Civil War__: 1642-1649, those with Charles called Royalists/Cavaliers, those with Parliament called Puritan.
 * __Restoration__: The rule of King Charles II because he restored monarchy.
 * __//Habeas Corpus//__: Latin: to have the body. Law from Parliament, passed in 1679 and gave every prisoner the right to write a letter to be brought before a judge and the judge decides if he should be set free.
 * __Glorious Revolution__: William of Orange led his army to London in 1688 to overthrow James, who fled, bloodless.
 * __Constitutional Monarchy__: When laws limit ruler's power.
 * __Cabinet__: A group of government ministers, or officials.

Key People:

 * __Charles I__: Son of James I, needed money because of wars, Parliament refused occasionally.
 * __Oliver Cromwell__: 1644: Puritans found Oliver Cromwell.

Key Terms:

 * Monarchs Defy Parliament:**
 * James Stuart became not only king of Scotland, but king of England in 1603, England and Scotland not united until 1707.
 * James's Problem:**
 * 1625: James I died, Charles I took throne.
 * 1628: Parliament refused to give him money until he sign the Petition of Right, which meant that the king could not imprison anybody without due cause, couldn't force taxes without Parliament, soldiers could not house in private homes, and couldn't impose martial law in peacetime.
 * Charles I still ignored it after agreeing, still set force ideas that laws are greater then kings, 1629: Charles dissolved Parliament, imposed fees and fines on English to get money and population in England decreased.
 * English Civil War:**
 * Charles upheld rituals of the Anglican Church, 1637: attempted to force Presbyterian Scots to accept a version of the Anglican prayer book, he wanted one religion, Scots rebelled, needed Parliament back for money.
 * War Topples a King:**
 * 1641: Parliament passed a law to limit monarchy, Charles attempted to arrest Parliament in Jan. 1642, escaped, Londoners rebelled outside the palace and Charles fled to his loyal North England to raise an army.
 * English Civil War.
 * 1645: Cromwell's New Model Army defeated the Cavaliers, 1647: captured king.
 * 1649: sentenced king to death for treason against Parliament, first king publicly executed.
 * Cromwell's Rule:**
 * 1649: Cromwell in power and abolished monarchy, established commonwealth, republic government, 1653: sent home Parliament, a constitution was drafted (John Lambert), but Cromwell became a military leader.
 * Cromwell had to smush a Irish rebellion, Ireland: started in 1100s (Henry II), Henry VIII and children put it under English power in 1500s, 1649: Cromwell seized land and gave it to English soldiers.
 * Puritan Morality:**
 * Cromwell and Puritans spread their morality and outlawed "sinful" activities, like sports, theater, and dance, Cromwell accepted Christians, minus Catholics, allowed Jews.
 * Restoration and Revolution:**
 * Cromwell died in 1658, his government collapsed, new Parliament was selected and voted for Charles II to rule in 1659.
 * Charles II Reigns:**
 * People rejoiced in 1660, when Charles II came back to England.
 * Habeas Corpus Act made it so a monarch couldn't just put somebody in jail, and trails are necessary.
 * Charles didn't have a heir, Parliament had to decide who was the heir, brother James (Catholic), Whigs opposed James, Tories supported him.
 * James II and the Glorious Revolution:**
 * Charles II died in 1658, James II took throne, displayed his Catholicism and Violated English Law by putting Catholics in high office, Parliament dissolved in 1688, 2nd wife bore a son.
 * Oldest daughter of James was a Protestant, Mary, and married to William of Orange (Netherlands prince), Parliament wanted them to overthrow James to stop Catholics from taking over.
 * Limits on Monarch Power:**
 * William and Mary vowed to recognize Parliament. Constitutional monarchy.
 * Bill of Rights:**
 * Parliament drafted Bill of Right in 1689: no suspending laws, no levying taxes without approval, no interfering with freedom of speech, citizens allowed to petition without penalty.
 * Cabinet System Develops:**
 * 1688 and after: English monarchy with rules and Parliament need monarchy consent.
 * 1700s: potential problem remedied by cabinet, who acted for monarchy, but supported parliament, link between the two.
 * Cabinet center of power and policy making, prime minster is the leader of majority party in Parliament and cabinet.