Section+13-3+The+Age+of+Chivalry

Key Words:

 * __Chivalry__: Complex set of ideals.
 * __Tournament__: Recreational mock battles. Two armies of knights would charge at each other, audiences, trumpets, but bloody.
 * __Troubadour__: Traveling poet-musicians in courts and castles.

Key People:

 * __Charles Martel__: Charlemagne's grandfather.
 * __Eleanor of Aquitaine__: Most celebrated women of her time

Key Terms:

 * Knights: Warriors on Horseback:**
 * In the 700s Charles Martel observed Muslims, then put together an army of knights on horseback.
 * The Technology of Warfare Changes:**
 * Leather saddles and stirrups were created in Asia in 200 BC, and used in Europe around the 700s.
 * Saddle means more firmly seated, stirrups means heavier weapons, and more balanced in combat and in galloping.
 * The Warrior's Role in Feudal Society:**
 * 1100s: nobles fighting for control could higher a private army of knights, paid with land, and then the wealth of the land allowed them to buy better weapons and live on the battle field.
 * Knights were only required to battle 40 days of combat, their pastimes included wrestling and hunting, skills to help them in combat.
 * Knighthood and the Code of Chivalry:**
 * A code of chivalry was created in the 1100s: fight bravely for his feudal lord, the Lord, and his lady, protect the poor and weak, and they must be loyal, brave, and courageous.
 * A Knights Training:**
 * Sons of nobles started at a young age: age 7: sent of to a castle of another lord where he was a page and would begin training, 14: squire, a servant for a knight, 21: a real knight.
 * Young knights traveled for a year or two, becoming an experienced fighter.
 * Brutal Reality of Warfare:**
 * Wars very bloody, castles had a large defensive stone walls by the 1100s, it protected lords, ladies, and armies.
 * Armies attacking castles would use any kind of weapon, those defending had archers in the towers, and would pour hot oil, boiling water, or molten lead on the attackers.
 * The Literature of Chivalry:**
 * Literature of the 1100s glorified and downplayed the brutal combats, knights, and castle life, most popular: love songs or poems of a knights love for a lady.
 * Epic Poetry:**
 * Lords and Ladies enjoyed the poems of King Arthur and Charlemagne.
 * //The Song of Roland// is the most famous medieval poem about Charlemagne.
 * Love Poems and Songs:**
 * Knights had to be loyal to his lady and his lord, some poems were about the difficulties of both of those and how they may intervene with each other.
 * Troubadours made short verse poems and songs of the joys and sorrows of love.
 * Also about disappointment.
 * And love-sick knights, where he made a stereotype that noblewomen were beautiful and pure.
 * Aquitaine became the Queen of England and gave birth to two sons: John, and Richard the Lion-Hearted (who wrote songs and poems about love).
 * Woman's Role in Feudal Society:**
 * Although women were less then men, because that is what the Church believes, they were still important in society.
 * Noblewomen:**
 * Could inherent land from the husbands, could command military while husband was away, and could fight in combat by throwing rocks from walss of the castle.
 * Still limited, lords gave land to sons, stayed at home, did little.
 * Peasant Women:**
 * Poor and powerless: still worked in fields, took care of house, bore and raised children, young women learned how to take care of the house from their mothers.
 * Church influenced the statues of women.