Section+12-5+Kingdoms+of+Southeast+Asia+and+Africa

Key Words:

 * __Angkor Wat__-extensive city and temple complexes built in capital, used as observatory and temple for Hindu god Vishnu, built by Khmer.

Key People:

 * __Khmer Empire-__Started in Cambodia and was most powerful in 1200 A.D.
 * __Koryu Dynasty__-Ruled Korea from 935-1392 A.D.
 * __Choson Dynasty-__Ruled Korea for 518 years, also known as Yi Dynasty.

Key Terms:

 * Kingdoms of Southeast Asia:**
 * Islands had deltas and river valleys and had many kingdoms.


 * Geography of Southeast Asia:**
 * India to Australia, mainland (Indonesia) and islands (Java, Borneo, and Sumatra), weather includes monsoons, humidity, and warmth.
 * Sea separates the islands, and 5 rivers and many mountains and hills divides the mainland, communication and traveling is very difficult.
 * Control of trade routes and harbors = power, important waterways: Strait of Malacca, Sundra Strait.


 * Influence of India and China:**
 * Indian merchant ships swooped in around 100 A.D., Hinduism and Buddhism followed, Indian political views were used and Indian culture effects them, even today, including art, and language.
 * China's culture spread through trade and migration, and, for short periods of time, China controlled parts of the mainland.


 * The Khmer Empire:**
 * Remained in power for centuries, took over neighboring kingdoms around the 800s.
 * Improved rice farming: waterways and irrigation systems, helped grow 3-4 crops at a time.
 * Capital-Angkor, built Angkor Wats, one of the world's greatest architectural achievements.


 * Island Trading Kingdoms:**
 * Powerful dynasties also on islands: Sailendra on the island Java and built the Buddhist temple Borobudar, built in 800s, and reflects a stepping pyramid.
 * Sailendra fell under the Srivijaya Kingdom, ruled from 7th to 13th centuries, taxed trading ships, capital-on Sumatra, called Palembang and a place to study Buddhism.


 * Dai Viet:**
 * Vietnam fell under the rule of China around 100 B.C., and broke away in 900 A.D. becoming Dai Viet in 939 A.D.
 * Chinese influence: Buddhism, government, their own culture: kept most of their own, including women having more freedom.
 * Ly Dynasty ruled from 1009-1225, capital at Hanoi, strong central government, improved transportation and helped agriculture and trade.


 * Korean Dynasties:**
 * Legends to finding land-hero named Tan'gun (father was a god, mother a bear)**,** or a royal decendant of the Shang Dynasty, there were two kinds of Koreans-natives and those who followed China's ways.


 * Geography of Korea:**
 * Peninsula about the size of Utah, isolated though seas and mountains, very hot then very cold, little farming land.


 * Early History:**
 * Different tribes controlled different parts, Han Dynasty controlled Korea, took in China's ways and education, and grouped three rival kingdoms, one of them, Silla, defeated the other kingdoms and drove out China.
 * Built Buddha monasteries, sculptures, and a writing system (using some of the Chinese system of writing).


 * The Koryu Dynasty:**
 * Around 935, Wang Kon defeated the Silla, and named his new Dynasty the Koryu.
 * Modeled its central government after China's, society sharply divided: aristocracy vs. the rest of the population, jobs became hereditary.
 * In 1231 Mongols demanded 20,000 horses, children as slaves, and clothing for 1 million soldiers, empire ended in 1360s.
 * In 1392 scholor-officials and military men took over and named this dynasty Choson Dynasty.


 * Koryu Culture:**
 * Song porcelain artists, Korean printers made lots of pottery, thousands of wood blocks made for Buddhist's scriptures, and when destroyed by Mogols, rebuilt to 80,000+ blocks, still here today.